Public and regulatory sensitivity to the role of maintenance errors increased dramatically after the aloha airlines b737 accident in 1988. The entire process of aviation and aircraft maintenance is inspired by human factors. This film was initially created to provide an example case for the dirty dozen. Human factors impact everything in aircraft maintenance. It has been estimated that for every hour of flight, 12 manhours of maintenance occur. This strategic program plan details how the aircraft maintenance division of flight standards service. This course blends an interactive environment of learning with thoughtprovoking examples for the student to understand and apply to their roles within an aviation career. This paper is intended to shed light on the fundamental concepts of human factors hf. A sound aircraft inspection and maintenance system is important in order to provide the public with a continuing safe, reliable air transportation system faa, 1993. This new 2nd edition of the operators manual for human factors in aviation maintenance follows the same successful format as the 1st edition. The faa is not responsible for the contents of the nongovernment sites listed. It has been claimed that human factors emerged as a significant challenge to flight safety only after the frequency of technical failures diminished in the early years of aviation.
Read download human factors in aviation pdf pdf download. It presents the opportunity for aircraft engineers, aviation safety officers, and psychologists to rethink their current training. Building on the success the crew recourse management crm concept, human factors training for maintenance technicians and inspectors has gained industry acceptance and regulatory. European interest in maintenance related human factors is also becoming evident. As air traffic grows and the stringent requirements of commercial schedules impose increased demands upon aircraft. This is because human factors will affect everything they do. Chapter 1 human factors federal aviation administration. The aviation institute of maintenance aim launched a free online course in human factors for aviation professionals, students, and enthusiasts around the globe. Human errors include errors by the flight crew, maintenance personnel, air traffic controllers, and others who have a direct impact on flight safety. Maintenance is one of the largest costs facing airlines. The term human factor has grown increasingly popular as the.
The aviation sector was the first to identify that the implementation of standardised procedures has contributed to safety and teamwork efficiency, following the realisation that 70%. A practical human factors approach to managing error in. It also provides some of the basic knowledge and understanding for learners working towards easa part 66 licensing. Human factors training shift and task turnover fatigue in 2006, the faa administrator recognized the operators manual for human factors in aviation maintenance with an award for its use of plain language. Other instances of undetected defects have occurred in the past. Human factors case studies aviation faaeasa mag compliant. Administration faa human factor resources are provided to include the most direct link to aviation maintenance human factors which. A brief history and overview is presented followed by a description of the elements that comprise an hf program. It presents human factors issues as conditions hazards that must be managed. There is no question that human error in aircraft maintenance has been a causal factor in several air carrier accidents. Human factorsguidelines federal aviation administration.
Human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection. The course meets the full intention of easa 145 requirements initial human factors training should cover all the topics of the training syllabus specified in gm 145. We will be using a framework devised by gordon dupont who was the first president of the pacific aircraft maintenance engineers association 6. Chapter 1 human factors introduction aviation maintenance has changed over the years. The overall goal of aviation maintenance human factors research is to identify and optimize the factors that affect human performance in maintenance and inspection. If interpreted narrowly, human factors is often considered synonymous with crew resource management crm or maintenance resource. Download pdf human factors in aviation second edition. Human factors directly cause or contribute to many aviation accidents. Larger organisations may find it a useful supplement to existing human factors programs or a basis to build a program. Understanding that 80% of all aviation related incidents and injury occur because of human error, oversight, fatigue, and other human related factors.
If the accident rate is to be decreased, human factors issues in aviation must be better understood and human factors knowledge more broadly and proactively applied. He identified the 12 most common causes of maintenance. The study of human factors has made significant general contributions to workplace safety. Public safety the ultimate fear of any maintenance supervisor, technician, or inspector is that an error, once. Extended research in aviation has shown that human factors cause 7080% of aviation incidents and 1520% of them relate to maintenance procedures 37, 38. Human factors training for maintenance personnel is also required up to the skilled level. However, as anyone working in aviation maintenance knows, there have been a number of serious, even fatal, accidents over the years that were caused primarily by maintenance errors. This human factor case studies course presents six video scenarios based on actual incidents involving lapses in aircraft maintenance. This article aims to explore the different arms of human factors and how each relates to ctg interpretation. Human conditions, such as fatigue, complacency, and stress are so important in aviation maintenance. Our human factors course engages trainees in understanding and applying safety, precaution, and psychological factors to airport and aircraft safety. It is clear from these studies that human factors problems in aircraft maintenance engineering are an important issue needing serious consideration.
Maintaining mechanical machines is a distinctly human thing to do, so the conditions in which the human technician finds themselves in play very relevant to the task of safely working on aircraft. Real people are indispensable when it comes to aviation maintenance. This presentation is to be used to debrief the video, the human factors in aircraft maintenance, and highlight the importance of the dirty dozen and hfacsme human factors analysis and classification system maintenance extension. Pdf human error is cited as a major causal factor in most aviation mishaps, including the 15% 20% that involve maintenance error. Pdf an overview of human factors in aviation maintenance. The importance of human factors to the aircraft maintenance technician,supervisors and managers is essential. The importance of human factors to the aircraft maintenance technician, supervisors and managers is essential. Pdf the influence of human factor in aircraft maintenance. This 10module program of instruction provides a webbased course to the faa workforce that describes the most salient concepts of human factors research and engineering. This system is a complex one with many interrelated human and machine components. The application of human factors concepts to commercial aviation maintenance has been directed primarily to issues involved with operational and personnel safety. In 2005, the federal aviation administration faa worked with industry representatives to complete theoperators manual for human factors in aviation maintenance ops manual.
A mcdonnell douglas dc9 aircraft suffered an inflight failure of the aft pressure bulkhead due to faulty in. Safety behaviours and human factors for engineers resource kit. Human factors issues in aircraft maintenance and inspection meeting proceedings 19891998 proceedings of the human factors issues in aircraft maintenance and inspection meetings conducted by the faa office of aviation medicine. Maintenance human factors have been a significant contributor to a number of adf accidents and serious incidents ac type problem c main wheel downlock disconnect f18 fuel line connection failure sk50 flight control disconnect nias f111 main wheel departure s70a fire extinguisher discharge p3c control cable chaffingfailure. This easily accessible course presents generic information about the human factors research and engineering discipline to provide a. A model to explain human factors in aviation maintenance. This unit has been written to serve as an introduction to human factors and closely follows the european aviation safety agency easa human factors syllabus requirements.
The list is provided only as a convenience to the users of this site. Cap 718 human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection page v introduction 11. The aim of the course is to give delegates a full introduction to aircraft maintenance human factors. We have a safety behaviours resource kit for aircraft maintenance engineers and small to mediumsized maintenance organisations. An overview of human factors in aviation maintenance atsb. To achieve this goal, they must rely on effective and efficient maintenance operations.
Overview of human factors in aviation dd 1 171208 9. Human factors guide for aviation maintenance and inspection. The ntsb has also urged the faa to provide guidance to maintenance personnel on the issue of fatigue. A human factors guide for aviation maintenance james f. If they are not detected, they can cause events, worker injuries, wasted time, and even accidents. Cap 715 an introduction to aircraft maintenance engineering. Maintenance is essential to aviation safety, yet improper maintenance contributes to a significant proportion of aviation accidents and incidents. Cap 715 an introduction to aircraft maintenance engineering human factors for jar 66 page viii foreword 11. Examples of incidents and accidents there have been several high profile incidents and accidents which have involved maintenance human factors problems. Human factors in aircraft maintenance a preliminary. Human factors in aircraft maintenance crc press book. In current aviation maintenance circles the term human factors is a household word. The value and importance of human factors training is no longer debated. Maintenance hangar online amt resources resources for.
Information in this aac is based on best practice such as easa part 145 and its amc and guidance material. Pdf on jan 1, 2008, alan hobbs and others published an overview of human factors in aviation maintenance find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Presentation package on risk tolerance developed to communicate the results of an exxonmobil working group and the exxonmobil human factors centre of excellence based on the concepts of risk. Students are asked at the end of each segment to answer. Human error is cited as a major causal factor in most aviation mishaps, including the 15%. Aug 31, 2018 what human factors exist in aviation maintenance.
Attention to human factors in aircraft maintenance will ensure not only continuing performance enhancement of the technician workforce, but also continuing flight safety. Kingman road, fort belvoir, va 220606218 1800caldtic 18002253842. The uk caa publication cap 716 provides useful additional guidance for human factors in approved maintenance organisations, and should. Search all of the collections listed below at once. International journal of industrial ergonomics 26 2000 1251 editorial human factors in aviation maintenance. A must for aviation professionals, equipment and systems designers, pilots, and managerswith emphasis on definition and solution of specific problems. Sep 24, 20 this human factor case studies course presents six video scenarios based on actual incidents involving lapses in aircraft maintenance.
Human factors is a multidisciplinary effort to generate and compile information about human capabilities and limitations and apply that information to produce safe, comfortable and effective human performance. An ethnographic study of normal maintenance operations was undertaken to explore maintenance activities in terms of human factors. Human factors in aviation maintenance federal aviation. If maintenance errors not detected, they can cause events, worker injuries, wasted time, and even accidents. Human factors issues, specifically human errors, contribute to more aircraft incidents and accidents than any other single factor. However, the factors described in this accident also need to be. The research summarised in this thesis sought to better understand the issue of human factors competence as it relates to the work, performed by technicians in the aircraft maintenance industry. In addition, the faa wanted to understand maintenance human factors in the united states as viewed by its asi work force. Technical documentation challenges in aviation maintenance. Only 30% of verbal communication is received and understood by either side in a conversation. Much of this work is directly applicable to the aviation maintenance workplace. At the 2012 workshop, one attendee noted it is known that the technical documentation challenge is the greatest risk in the aviation industry it will take more than a scientists workshop to fix the issues, but this is a good. This report details the second phase of the office of aviation medicine research program on human factors in aviation maintenance.
Aircraft maintenance workers frequently need to accept work in. Cap 718 human factors in aircraft maintenance and inspection. Human factors in aircraft maintenance is comprehensive, easy to read, and can be used as both a training and a reference guide for operators, regulators, auditors, researchers, academics, and aviation enthusiasts. Remember pear the memory jogger, or mnemonic, pear figure 1 makes the recognition and mitigation of human factors b y d r. This is because human factors will affect everything they do in the course of their job in one way or another. The study was designed to collect data in the aviation maintenance work environment on known factors that affect human fatigue and performance.
Atsb transport safety report aviation research and analysis report ar2008055 final an overview of human factors in aviation maintenance alan hobbs ph. This course blends an interactive environment of learning with thoughtprovoking examples for the student to understand and apply to their roles within an aviation. The operators manual for human factors in maintenance and ground operations introduction 8 kingdom civil aviation authority uk caa, the european aviation safety agency easa, the international air transport association iata, and information from other entities contributed to this manual. Icao requires human factors training to skilled level for pilots, cabin crew, and other safetycritical personnel. Below is a list of online resources available in the human factors in maintenance category. Pdf on jun 24, 2012, hamdan al fazari and others published human factors in aircraft maintenance find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Human factors issues in aircraft maintenance and inspection pdf 502 kb. It is universally agreed that 80 percent of maintenance errors involve human factors. Many were developed to specifically address maintenance issues, however, some are general purpose tools with applications in both maintenance and operational areas. An overview of human factors in aviation maintenance. Whatever the reason for this, it is not because maintenance is insignificant. Pdf human factors in aircraft maintenance researchgate. The research presented in this paper is a result of gathering and systematization of errors caused by human factors over the last five years in one organisation for aircraft maintenance certified according to the european standards. The study encompasses an analysis of 28 twentyeight.
J o h n s o n, chief scientific and technical advisor for human factors for aircraft maintenance systems for the faa and d r. From the moment an aircraft enters the manufacturing facility, or a tug is attached to the landing gear, human factors exist. Human factors in maintenance flight safety foundation. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
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